乌合之众中英版 章节目录 第177章(第1页/共3页)


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    Withthedefinitelossofitsoldidealthegeniusoftheratirelydisappears;itisamereswarmofisolatedindividualsaurnstoitsinalstate—thatofacrowd.Withoutsistendwithoutafuture,ithasallthetransitorycharacteristicsofcrowds.Itscivilisationisnowwithoutstability,andatthemercyofeveryce.Thepopulaceissn,aideofbarbarismmounts.Thecivilisationmaystillseembrilliantbecauseitpossessesanoutwardfront,theworkofalongpast,butitisiyanedificecrumblingtoruin,whiothingsupports,aiofallinatthefirststorm.

    Topassinpursuitofanidealfromthebarbaroustothecivilizedstate,andthehisidealhaslostitsvirtue,todeeanddie,suchisthecycleofthelifeofapeople.

    1Itistoberemarked,inpassing,thatthisdivisionofcrimesintothosedangerousandthosenotdangerousforsociety,whichiswellandinstinctivelymadebyjuriesisfarfrombeingunjust.Theobjectofcriminallawsisevidentlytoprotectsocietyagainstdangerouscriminalsandnottoave.Oherhand,theFrenchcode,andaboveallthemindsoftheFrenchmagistrates,arestilldeeplyimbuedwiththespiritofvengeancecharacteristicoftheoldprimitivelaw,aerm“vindicte”(prosecution,fromtheLatinvindicta,vengeance)isstillindailyuse.AproofofthistendenthepartofthemagistratesisfoundintherefusalbymanyofthemtoapplyBerenger’slaw,whichallowsofanedpersonnotundergoinghissentenlessherepeatshiscrime.Yetnomagistratebeignorant,forthefactisprovedbystatistics,thattheapplicationofapunishmentinflictedforthefirsttimeinfalliblyleadstofurthercrimeoofthepersonpunished.Whenjudgessetfreeasentencedpersonitalwaysseemstothemthatsocietyhasnotbeenavenged.Ratherthannotaveheyprefertocreateadangerous,firmedcriminal.

    2Themagistracyis,inpointoffact,theonlyadministrationwhoseactsareundernotrol.Inspiteofallitsrevolutions,democraticedoesnotpossessthatrightofhabeascorpusofwhiglandissoproud.Wehavebanishedallthetyrants,buthavesetupamagistrateineachcitywhodisposesatwillofthehonourandlibertyofthecitizens.Aninsignifitjuged’instru(anexaminingmagistratewhohasterpartinEngland.-Trans.),freshfromtheuy,possessestherevoltingpowerofsendingtoprisonatwillpersonsoft
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